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    • 专利摘要:
    A system (40) for monitoring the state of a first movable member with respect to a second member and for rubbing against said second member, comprising: - a transformer (50) for electrically isolating a measuring circuit (30) , the ground voltage of a detection circuit (20), - the detection circuit, this circuit comprising, in addition to a winding (22) of the transformer, a detection element (25, 25 ', 3) intended to be installed in or on the first element, said detection element being arranged so that the current flowing through this detection element is then a function of the state of the strip, this detection circuit having its mass at the potential of the second element, measuring circuit comprising the other winding (31) of the transformer and an alternating generator, - measuring means (33) of the voltage across the winding of the electric measuring circuit.
    公开号:FR3038270A1
    申请号:FR1556139
    申请日:2015-06-30
    公开日:2017-01-06
    发明作者:Peter Ovaere
    申请人:Mersen France Amiens Sas；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    MONITORING THE STATE OF A FIRST MOBILE ELEMENT IN RELATION TO A SECOND ELEMENT AND FROTTANT AGAINST THIS
    SECOND ELEMENT The invention relates to the monitoring of the state of a first movable element relative to a second element, and intended to rub against this second element, at least one of these two elements being conductive.
    The first and second elements are movable relative to each other. In particular, one of these elements can be fixed in the terrestrial reference system. The invention finds application in monitoring the state of an electrical power transmission band for rubbing against a catenary wire. Conventionally, a pantograph system comprises a band made mainly of carbon, or completely made of carbon, and intended to rub against a live catenary wire to supply power to an electrically driven vehicle on which the band is mounted.
    However, the invention is in no way limited to this application. For example, the first element may comprise a brush intended to rub against for example a collector portion of an electric motor or a ring of a synchronous or asynchronous machine. In another example, the first element may comprise a brake pad, and the second, conductive member may comprise a brake disk.
    We try to monitor the state of the first element.
    For example, in the case of a pantograph system, friction against a broken strip could damage the catenary wire, which would have significant material consequences. In particular, the whole line may be stopped for several hours, or even for several days.
    Conventionally, it is planned to install inside the band a waterproof tube made of metal, carbon or other. This tube is filled with air under pressure. When damage occurs, the tube can break and the consequent pressure decrease can be detected. Following this detection, a pantograph is then lowered to prevent damage to the catenary.
    However, this system remains relatively inaccurate in the detection, because there is a risk of rupture too early, for example in case of relatively low impact or minor damage to the collector band, and / or too late rupture. There is even a risk of failure to break while the sensor strip is no longer usable, for example, in case of tearing relatively large material.
    In addition, this system leads to an immediate deactivation of the pantograph, without it being really possible to predict and organize the maintenance of the tape. In case of early breakage, there is a risk of using an auxiliary motor in a way that is in fact little justified.
    JP53-72676 discloses a detection system in which a loop of insulated electrical conductor wire is installed in the sensing strip. A transformer makes it possible to send, and when the loop is intact, to receive an electrical signal. If this conductive wire breaks, no signal is recovered and the pantograph corresponding to this band is then immediately deactivated. Fuses are provided to protect the detection circuits in the event of contact between a broken end of the conductive wire and the strip.
    Nevertheless, there is a need for a system for monitoring the state of a first movable element relative to a second element, and intended to rub against this second element, which is more reliable, especially in the case of a second element. likely to be crossed by relatively high powers.
    It is proposed a monitoring system of the state of the state of a first movable element relative to a second element, and intended to rub against this second element, the second element at least being conductive. The monitoring system comprises: an electrical measuring circuit, comprising a first transformer winding and a generator capable of delivering an alternating current, the electrical measuring circuit being arranged so that at least a portion of the current delivered by the generator passes through this first winding, - an electrical detection circuit, this circuit comprising, a second transformer winding, a reference branch of the electrical potential of the detection circuit, this branch being designed to be in contact with the second element or with conducting means weakly resistive in contact with the second element, so that the ground voltage of the detection circuit is equal to or very close to the voltage of the second element, at least one detection element intended to be installed in or mounted on the first element, this sensing element being arranged so that the current flows This sensor element is then a function of the state of the first element, a transformer comprising the first and second windings, the system being arranged so that the transformer isolates the measuring circuit from the ground voltage of the detection circuit. and means for measuring the voltage across and / or the intensity in the first winding.
    Thus, the voltages in the detection circuit can be relatively high and variable with respect to the earth, since the mass of this circuit is connected to the second element.
    For example, in the case of an application to a pantograph system, the catenary wire can be traversed by a signal of 25,000 volts AC at 50 Hz, or else 1500 V DC. Thus, in the event of additional electrical contact between a part of the detection circuit and the strip, for example following a rupture of a wire of the circuit, no overvoltage is transmitted since this additional contact is electrically equivalent to a ground connection. of the detection circuit.
    By "weakly resistive conducting means" and "equal or very close" is meant here one (or more) conductive element, for example a stirrup in the case of an application to pantograph systems, opposing a sufficiently weak resistance between the branch reference and the second element so that the ground voltage of the detection circuit does not deviate by more than 5% from the voltage of the second element, preferably not more than 2% of the voltage of the second element.
    The first element can be conductive. The system then makes it possible to monitor the state of a conductive element rubbing against another conductive element, for example for capturing / transmitting current.
    The collected / transmitted current may be relatively high, i.e. the collected / transmitted signal may comprise a power signal.
    The monitoring system may comprise, for example, a system for monitoring the state of a power sensing element for the traction of a vehicle.
    For example, the monitoring system may include a condition monitoring system of an electrical power transmission band made primarily or completely of carbon, to be mounted on an electrically driven vehicle, and to rub against a wire current catenary to power this vehicle.
    In another example, the monitoring system may comprise a system for monitoring the state of a pad intended to rub against a conductive rail, of the third rail pad type. The invention is in no way limited to a vehicle traction signal. For example, the first element may comprise a brush intended to rub against the second element, for example a collector portion of an electric motor or a ring of a synchronous or asynchronous machine.
    In one embodiment, the first element may be insulating.
    For example, the first member may include a brake pad, and the second, conductive member may include a brake disk.
    The signal coming from the generator, and injected into the detection circuit via the transformer may have a relatively low electric potential and / or a peak intensity relative to the electric potential of the and / or the intensity in, the second element, for example 3 volts or 5 volts for a second element crossed by a signal of 25000 volts AC at 50 Hz.
    The electrical measuring circuit may have a floating mass, or not, for example a mass connected to the chassis of a railroad vehicle or to the earth. The state of the first element can have an impact on the detection circuit, via the detection element, and thus on the voltage collected at the terminals of the measuring circuit-side winding and / or the measured intensity at the this first winding.
    For example, the sensing element may comprise an electrically insulated wire, intended to be installed along the first element, for example within the first element or on a surface of the first element. In case of crack or breakage of the first element, this wire is likely to break, thus affecting the transmission of the alternating signal from the generator and therefore the voltages across the windings of the transformer.
    For example, if this wire is mounted in parallel with a resistor, in the event of wire breakage, the equivalent resistance increases, and the voltage across the first winding decreases. It is thus possible to detect the breakage of this wire by analyzing the signal measured at the terminals of this winding.
    In one embodiment, the detection circuit may comprise at least one additional insulated wire intended to be installed along the first element, for example inside the first element or on a surface of the first element, mounted in parallel with the first element. insulated wire and having mechanical strength properties different from that of the insulated wire. In particular, the breaking strength may be different from one insulated wire to another.
    Thanks to this arrangement of a plurality of insulated wires in parallel, these wires having different mechanical strength properties from one wire to another, it can be expected to detect cracking of the first element before the breaking of the first element. Indeed, in case of cracking, it can be expected that the most fragile wire will break first, resulting in a change in the equivalent resistance and therefore the measured signal across the transformer.
    In the case of a pantograph system, provision may be made to leave the pantograph in place as long as at least one insulated wire is still intact, or as long as the mechanically strongest insulated wire is still intact, thereby avoiding the inconvenience associated with an unexpected lowering of the pantograph, as in the prior art.
    Each insulated wire may comprise a conductive core and an insulating sheath. The conductive core may have a linear resistance sufficiently high that the equivalent resistance variation can be detected. Alternatively, it may be provided to mount each insulating wire in series with a corresponding resistor, to allow the detection of the breakage of the wire. Alternatively, particularly when the detection circuit comprises a single insulated wire, whose break is detected by a zero crossing of the signal at the terminals of the first winding, the core of the wire may have a low linear resistance and can be abstained to mount a resistor in series with this insulated wire.
    Advantageously and in a nonlimiting manner, the detection circuit may be arranged so that one or more outputs (or the detecting elements) are connected (or, in particular, in the case of contact with the catenary wire, connectable) to the second element, or weakly resistive conductive means in contact with the second element. It is thus forbidden to provide an output wire connecting the output (s) of the detection element (s) to the ground of the detection circuit.
    In other words, rather than a closed loop, as in JP53-72676, there is provided a detection circuit with an end which is, at least part of the time of use, in contact with the second element or with means weakly resistive conductors in contact with the second element. The installation can thus be simpler, and it also limits the risk of inversion son.
    Advantageously, when several detection elements are provided, these elements can be mounted in parallel with each other or with one or more resistive elements. If one of these detection elements connected in parallel is faulty or destroyed due to the state of the band, it will nevertheless be possible to measure a signal between the terminals of the first winding. It will thus be possible to provide a warning signal, of the alarm type, rather than immediately breaking the contact between the movable elements with respect to each other (for example, rather than immediately driving a lowering of the pantograph).
    Advantageously, when such a parallel connection is provided, the at least one corresponding branch node may be in or on the first element. In other words, the detection circuit may comprise a single input wire between the second winding and the first element.
    Thus, the second winding may advantageously be connected to the detection element (s) by a single wire penetrating into or mounted on the first element.
    When the first element is conducting and the output (s) of the detection elements are connected (or connectable via, for example, a catenary wire) to the first element, the detection circuit may comprise a single wire penetrating into or mounted on the first element .
    Advantageously, at least one and preferably each detection element may comprise an output connected to or connectable to the second element.
    In one embodiment, the detection element may comprise at least one sensor device capable of measuring a wear height of the first element. The invention is in no way limited by the type of sensor used, but it can advantageously be provided that the sensor device is intended to be at least partly installed in the first element so as to occupy only a portion of the length of this first element, especially in the case of a strip of a pantograph system.
    A catenary wire is generally installed to form a zigzag along an expected path of travel. The strip extends in a longitudinal direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the direction of instantaneous movement of the vehicle. Due to this zigzag installation, the catenary wire is arranged slightly oblique with respect to this direction of displacement. Thus, the catenary wire is in contact with the strip on a contact zone representing only a portion of the length of the strip, and this zone evolves along the strip when the vehicle on which the pantograph is mounted is driven in motion .
    Thanks to this zigzag arrangement, it is thus possible to expect a better distribution of wear than if the contact zone remained substantially the same during the displacement. In other words, the wear profile is more homogeneous than if the catenary wire was substantially rectilinear with respect to a path of displacement.
    Advantageously, in the case of application to a pantograph system, the sensor device can be arranged to detect a catenary passage when the contact zone corresponds to this portion of the strip, at least when the wear height of the band at the band portion has exceeded a threshold.
    The portion of band length occupied by a sensor device may for example represent between 0.01% and 20% of the length of the strip, advantageously between 0.1% and 5% of the length of the strip.
    The portion of band length occupied by a sensor device may for example correspond to a length of between 0.1 millimeters and 10 centimeters, advantageously between 1 millimeter and 1 centimeter.
    Advantageously, the sensor device can be arranged to be able to measure at least two different wear heights.
    Thus, it is possible to provide a point sensor device capable of measuring at least two levels of wear and capable of detecting moments of catenary passage. This monitoring system makes it possible to track wear, since the sensor device or devices can measure several wear heights. In addition, as the passage of the catenary wire is detected, it is possible to correlate the wear relatively easily with the mileage traveled. Indeed, the catenary son are arranged in zigzag with distances, in the direction of movement, between the relatively regular zigzag extrema. It is thus possible to assume the distance traveled between two detections of passage of the catenary wire, and thus to qualify relatively easily the wear per kilometer traveled.
    For example, it is possible to count the moments of passage of catenary between two detections of wear heights in order to qualify the wear per distance traveled.
    The measurement of at least two different wear heights can advantageously be made from the signal at the catenary passage detection times, for example from the amplitude of this signal at these times.
    By "electrical contact" is meant that current is collected / transmitted, either because there is contact in the mechanical sense of the term (for example the strip touches the catenary wire), or because the first and second elements are sufficiently close to the contact area for arcing to form and transmit electric power.
    In an advantageous embodiment, the sensor device may comprise at least one conductive element.
    Advantageously, the catenary passage can be detected following the passage of current from the catenary wire in the conductive element. The current from the catenary wire can pass, during the electrical contact with the sensor device, by one or more conductive elements, and this current passage can be detected. The invention is of course not limited to this type of sensor. One could for example provide a photoresistor type sensor to be placed in a conical orifice defined in the band. The resistance value of this component is then a function of the light present in the conical orifice, and therefore the level of wear.
    In an advantageous embodiment, the sensor device may comprise at least two conductive elements, each conductive element extending inside the first element, for example of the band, up to a height, for example a height of band associated with this conductive element.
    Thus, as the level of wear has not reached the height corresponding to a conductive element, no measurement signal is derived from this conductive element. The invention is in no way limited to the use of several conductive elements each having an associated wear height. One could for example provide a relatively resistive element and extending in a direction having a vertical component up to a maximum wear height. The resistance encountered by the electrons from the second element is thus a function of the length of the resistive element to be scanned, and therefore of the height of the first element to the portion corresponding to this sensor device.
    In an advantageous embodiment, the detection element may comprise a plurality of sensor devices intended to be installed on the same first element, for example the same band, so that the first element length portions corresponding to this plurality sensor devices are distinct from one another. In other words, it is possible to distribute the sensor devices along the first element, for example the band. The wear monitoring can thus be more precise and in addition, it is better to estimate the homogeneity of the wear along the first element.
    This system can thus be relatively accurate, even in turn-like or tunnel-like road portions, in which the catenary wire is likely to move relative to the web in a range corresponding to only a portion of the length. Of the band.
    Of course, the invention is in no way limited to this embodiment, and it could for example provide a system with a single sensor device installed for example in the middle of the band.
    Advantageously and without limitation, the conductive elements may be made mainly or completely of copper.
    Advantageously and without limitation, the elements of the same sensor device can be separated from each other by an insulator, for example ceramic or glass fibers.
    Advantageously and in a nonlimiting manner, each conductive element may be sheet-shaped.
    The sensor device may advantageously be installed so that at least one conductive sheet, and preferably each conductive sheet is disposed in a plane having a normal vector substantially in the direction of travel.
    Advantageously and without limitation, at least one sensor device may comprise a stack of sheets separated two by two by the insulator. This stack may advantageously be embedded in a resin.
    Advantageously and in a nonlimiting manner, in the case of several sensor devices, it will be possible to connect at least two sensor devices, and preferably all the sensor devices, to a single cable, thus making it possible to reduce the space requirement. an electrical circuit for monitoring detection.
    The detection circuit may comprise at least one insulated wire for crack detection or breakage and be devoid of sensor device for measuring the wear height.
    Alternatively, the detection circuit may comprise at least one sensor device for measuring the wear height and be devoid of crack detection or breaking means, of the insulated wire type or otherwise.
    In an advantageous embodiment, the detection circuit may comprise both at least one insulated wire for the detection of cracks or breakage, and at least one sensor device for measuring the wear height.
    Advantageously, this at least one insulated wire and this at least one sensor device can be connected in series or bypass from a single input wire for connection to the second winding. Thus, from the signal between the terminals of the first winding is extracted both information as to cracking or breaking and information as to wear.
    There is further provided an assembly comprising the monitoring system described above, as well as the first element. The assembly may be a vehicle driving assembly, for example a pantograph assembly, comprising a monitoring system as described above, as well as the current transmission band. The monitoring system can be installed on the tape.
    There is further provided an electrically driven vehicle comprising a monitoring system and / or a pantograph assembly as described above, for example a railway power train, or the like.
    It is furthermore proposed a method of monitoring the state of the state of a first movable element with respect to a second element, and intended to rub against this second element, the second element at least being conductive, this method comprising receiving an electrical signal from an electrical measuring circuit comprising a first winding of a transformer, and a generator for delivering an alternating current in the first winding, the transformer comprising a second winding installed in an electric detection circuit comprising in in addition to a reference branch of the electrical potential of the detection circuit, this branch being in contact with the second element or with weakly resistive conducting means in contact with the second element, so that the ground voltage of the detection circuit is equal to or very close to the tension of the second element, and at least one element detection element installed in or on the first element, this detection element being arranged so that the current flowing through this detection element is then a function of the state of the first element, - estimate from the signal received at least one value of parameter representing the state of the first element, and - developing from this at least one estimated value a control signal of at least one of the moving elements.
    In the case of an application to a pantograph system, the control signal may comprise for example a pantograph positioning control signal to lower the pantograph in the event of detection of a failure of the band.
    This method may for example be implemented by a processing device of the processor type, for example a microcontroller, a microprocessor, a DSP (Digital Signal Processing), or other.
    It is thus proposed a processing device comprising reception means for performing the reception step described above, for example an input port, an input pin or the like, and processing means for performing the estimation step described above, for example, a processor core or the like, and transmitting means, for example an output port, an output pin, or the like, for transmitting the processed signal to control of the pantograph, for example a stepper motor.
    There is further provided a computer program product comprising instructions for performing the steps of the method as described above when said instructions are executed by a processor. The invention will be better described with reference to the figures below, which represent embodiments given by way of example and not limiting.
    Figure 1 shows schematically a part of a monitoring system according to one embodiment of the invention, when installed in a sensor strip in contact with a catenary wire.
    Figure 2 shows in more detail an example of a sensor device for the monitoring system schematically shown in Figure 1.
    Figure 3 is a top view schematically showing an example of a sensor device of the monitoring system of Figures 1 and 2, when installed on a partially represented band, and in contact with a catenary wire also partially shown.
    FIG. 4 schematically represents an example of a monitoring system according to one embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 5 shows schematically an example of a monitoring system according to another embodiment of the invention.
    FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of the appearance of a voltage signal measured at the terminals of a first winding of a transformer of a surveillance system according to one embodiment of the invention.
    Fig. 7 is a flow chart for illustrating an exemplary method according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Identical references can be used from one figure to another to designate identical or similar elements.
    With reference to FIG. 1, a band 1 made mainly or completely of carbon extends in a longitudinal direction corresponding here to the vector x.
    This carbon band is transverse with respect to a direction of movement of the electric traction vehicle on which this band is mounted, this direction of displacement corresponding to the vector y.
    In the present description, the terms front, rear, refer to the front and rear directions of the vehicle on which is mounted the monitoring system described. The vertical direction can be the direction of the gravity vector. The axes x, y, z correspond respectively to the longitudinal direction of the capture band, the direction of movement of the vehicle, and the vertical direction. In the figures, the monitoring system is installed on a powerplant installed on a flat and horizontal ground, and in a location without turning, that is to say that it is assumed that the capture strip extends longitudinally following normal vertical direction and direction of travel. Of course, in reality, the longitudinal direction attached to the capture band, the direction of movement may not be quite normal between them and the plane defined by these two directions may not be perfectly horizontal.
    The strip 1 is disposed under a high voltage catenary wire 2 (for example 1500 V or 25000 V), and when the vehicle is moving, the strip 1 can be in contact with the catenary wire 2, in order to collect the current electrical required to pull the vehicle.
    The catenary wire 2 is generally arranged zigzag along the expected path for the vehicle, that is to say that when the vehicle is moved in the y direction, the catenary wire 2 performs a scan relative to the strip 1, in the direction x. The strip 1 is thus traversed longitudinally by the catenary wire 2, which allows a better distribution of the wear of the strip.
    The monitoring system of this embodiment comprises a plurality of sensor devices 3, each sensor device occupying a relatively small portion of the length of the strip 1. For example, the strip 1 may extend in the x direction on nearly one meter, while each sensor device 3 may have a diameter of a few millimeters, for example 3 millimeters.
    It can be noted that the figures are schematic, and that the scale is a priori not respected.
    The sensor devices 3 are arranged at different locations along the belt 1, so that when the vehicle is driven in motion, these sensor devices are intended to be in contact with the catenary wire 2 one after the other .
    Each sensor device 3 comprises conductive elements referenced 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 in FIG.
    When the catenary wire 2 is in contact with a conductive element, current from this catenary wire passes into this conductive element. The conductive element is connected via a cable 4 to a processing device, local or remote, and the electrical signal from the catenary wire 2 can thus be detected by this processing device, thus making it possible to detect the passage of the catenary wire at the corresponding sensor device. As further explained with reference to Figures 4 and 5, the cable 4 is part of an electrical detection circuit having its mass voltage equal to the voltage of the strip. In operation, the strip is in contact with the wire 2, so that the ground voltage of the detection circuit is equal to or very close to the voltage of the catenary wire 2.
    A contact between the catenary wire 2 and a conductive element among the elements 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, is equivalent to a grounding of this conductive element, which modifies the equivalent resistance of the detection circuit.
    Referring to Figures 2 and 3, each sensor device 3 comprises a plurality of conductive elements 5, here made of copper and leaf-shaped extending substantially in the plane normal to the direction y. Each of these copper sheets 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 is connected to a corresponding resistor 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, also connected to the cable 4.
    Thus, if the level of wear of the strip is such that for example the sheets 5 and 6 are, during the passage of catenary wire, in contact with this catenary wire, and such that the strips 7, 8, 9 remain isolated from the catenary wire during the passage of this wire, the electrical signal received during the passage of catenary wire will have a value depending on the resistance values 15 and 16.
    Resistors 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 may have different values, or not.
    The electrical signal measured during the catenary passage is thus a function of the effective wear height. The electrical signal on the cable 4 may be in the form of a set of peaks, each peak corresponding to the passage of the catenary wire on a sensor device, and the amplitude of the peaks being representative of the level of wear.
    By associating the time interval between two peaks at a predetermined distance, a function of the zigzagging of the catenary wire, and a function of the band gap between two adjacent sensor devices, the wear can be correlated with mileage traveled.
    With reference to FIG. 3, the sensor device 3 may have a diameter of the order of a few millimeters, and a height corresponding, for example, to 50-90% of the height of the strip when new, for example included between a few millimeters and a few centimeters.
    The catenary wire may have a diameter of the order of a centimeter, that is to say that the contact area may extend in the x direction for a few millimeters, for example 2 or 3 mm.
    The carbon band 1 may have a width in the y direction, for example between 35 and 60 millimeters.
    The copper sheets 5, 6, 7, 8 9 may be insulated from each other by a ceramic material, and the stack comprising these copper sheets and the ceramic may be embedded in a resin, the resin assembly plus stack having and a section of diameter of about 3 millimeters.
    Returning to FIG. 2, the connection between the copper foils 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and the corresponding resistors 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 can be carried out by brazing at a relatively high temperature. The invention is not limited to a predetermined number of sensor devices. One could for example provide one, two, three, four, five, ten sensor devices, or other. The invention is also not limited by the number of copper foils in a sensor device. In this example, five conductive elements 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are provided, thus making it possible to measure five different wear heights.
    With reference to FIG. 4, a monitoring system 40 comprises an isolation transformer 50 comprising a first winding 31 and a second winding 22. The system 40 comprises an electric detection circuit 20 and an electric measuring circuit 30.
    The detection circuit comprises a reference branch 23 in contact with the strip 1, that is to say that the ground of the circuit 20 is at the potential of the catenary wire as long as there is contact between the strip 1 and the wire 2. Alternatively, the reference branch 23 could be welded to a bracket not shown.
    A generator 21 makes it possible to inject a current on this detection circuit 20. This current can vary sinusoidally, with a peak amplitude of for example a few milliamps, and a frequency of, for example, several kHz, for example 4 kHz. The generator 21 and the first winding 31 are arranged in series, so that the first winding 31 is traversed by the generated current.
    The transformer 50 makes it possible to isolate the measuring circuit 30 from the ground voltage of the detection circuit 20.
    In this example, the detection circuit comprises two detection elements connected in parallel, namely a set of sensor devices 3 for measuring the wear of the strip 2, and an insulated wire 25 bonded to the strip.
    The insulated wire 25 has a wire resistance Rm, due to the linear resistance of a conductive core of this sheathed wire 25.
    The sensor devices 3 are each similar to that described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
    This set of sensors 3 is connected in parallel with a resistor R3. In case of contact between the catenary wire and one or more conductive elements (s) of a sensor 3, the ends of this or these conductive elements are at the same potential as an end node 27 in contact with the strip 2 If the contact between this or these conductive element (s) of the sensor 3 and the catenary wire is effected via an electric arc, these ends are at substantially the same potential as the node 27. Current flows between these ends and a branching node 26 with the resistor R3, encountering a resistor Rh which is a function of the number of conductive elements in electrical contact with the catenary wire 2.
    The current injected by the generator 21 then meets a resistance equal to the resistance Rm plus the equivalent resistance to the parallel mounting of the resistors R3 and Rh.
    When the catenary wire is no longer in contact with any sensor device, the resistance opposed by the detection circuit to the passage of the current is then simply equal to the sum Rm + R3.
    The insulated wire 25 is relatively fragile, and therefore liable to break in the event of web breakage. No current then passes into the detection circuit and the signal measured across the winding 31 goes to zero. In case of contact between a broken end of the wire 25 and the band, the resistance encountered becomes quite low, depending on the length of wire corresponding to this end, and we can also detect the rupture of the band.
    In case of wire break detection 25, a control signal is generated so as to control the lowering of the pantograph.
    The measuring circuit comprises a resistor R32 connected in series with the generator 21, and a processor 33 for receiving a voltage signal proportional to the signal across the winding 31.
    In the embodiment of Figure 5, one of the terminals of the winding 22 is in electrical contact with a current collection bracket (not shown), installed under the strip. A reference branch 23 between this terminal and the stirrup is thus connected to a non-resistive conductive element in contact with the band.
    In addition, in this embodiment, not only one insulated wire 25, but two wires 25, 25 'with different mechanical strength properties are provided. For example, the wire 25 'has a lower breaking strength than that of the sheathed wire 25. This wire 25 can thus be broken while the wire 25 is still intact, thereby detecting cracking before breaking the strip.
    In an alternative embodiment and not shown, it could provide more than two insulated son, for example three, four or five insulated son, connected in parallel and having different tensile strengths from one wire to another. This can detect tape cracking in a gradual manner.
    A node 28 provides bypassing the insulated wires 25, 25 ', and also a set of sensor devices 3 similar to the set described above.
    Figure 6 shows a theoretical example of the type of curve that could be recorded by a processor 33 during the life of a carbon band. The abscissa corresponds to time and the ordinate to tensions.
    The peaks of this curve correspond to moments of passage of catenary.
    More precisely, at instant t, the catenary wire does not touch any wear sensor 3. The equivalent resistance of the detection circuit is therefore equal to the sum of the resistor R3 and the equivalent resistance to parallel mounting of the insulated wires. . At time t2, the catenary wire touches a wear sensor 3, the wear depth being relatively low at the wear sensor in contact with the catenary wire 2. The equivalent resistance of the detection circuit is therefore equal to the sum of the resistance R3 and the equivalent resistance to the parallel mounting of the insulated wires and this wear sensor. The equivalent resistance is therefore lower than at the instant ti, and the recorded voltage is therefore higher than at this instant ti. Time t3 corresponds to a catenary passage time at a sensor 3, at which the depth of wear is relatively high. The resistance opposed by this wear sensor is therefore lower than that opposed by the sensor in contact with the catenary wire at time X.2. The peak corresponding to this instant t3 is therefore higher in amplitude than that corresponding to the instant X.2. This device thus makes it possible to ensure the homogeneity of the wear, or at least to have an idea of the wear profile during the operation of the strip. The moment U corresponds to a break of the most fragile wire 25 '. The equivalent resistance of the circuit increases accordingly, and the measured voltage drops sharply.
    However, peaks continue to be recorded during the passage times of the catenary wire at the level of the sensors 3, for example at the instant ts. The instant corresponds to a breaking of the most solid wire 25. The voltage drops to zero. A pantograph lowering control signal is output, which prevents recording further peaks thereafter.
    FIG. 7 is a logic diagram for illustrating an exemplary method implemented in the processor referenced 33 in FIGS. 4 and 5.
    During a step 101, a voltage signal U (t) is received from which an equivalent resistance value of the detection circuit is estimated during a step not shown.
    During a step 102, a value of wear parameter Sw and a breaking parameter value Sb are deduced from this equivalent resistance value. In this example, we use a Boolean variable for this parameter Sb.
    It is also possible to calculate, during this step 102, a wear value per kilometer traveled Sw-km (not shown), as a function of the moments corresponding to peak maxima and as a function of the amplitudes of the peaks.
    During a test step 103, it is ensured that the wear has not exceeded an acceptable threshold THR and that the band is not broken. It can also be ensured that the value of wear per kilometer traveled does not exceed a threshold THR 'not shown.
    If necessary, during a step 104, a Scontrol signal is generated which enables contact between the strip and the catenary wire. Then the processor goes into a standby state during a step 106, before receiving a new voltage value. If it proves at the end of the test 103 that the wear has exceeded the threshold THR, that the wear per kilometer traveled is too high or that the band is broken, then the signal Scontrol takes a value, for example equal to 1, to impose the lowering of the pantograph.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    claims
    1. System for monitoring (40) the state of a first element (1) movable relative to a second element (2), and intended to rub against this second element, the second element being conductive, the monitoring system comprising: an electrical measuring circuit (30), comprising a first transformer winding (31), and a generator (21) capable of delivering an alternating current, the electrical measuring circuit being arranged so that at least a part of the current delivered by the generator passes through said first winding, an electrical detection circuit comprising a second transformer winding (22), a reference branch (23) of the electrical potential of the detection circuit, said branch being adapted to be in contact with the second element or with weakly resistive conductive means in contact with the second element, so that the ground voltage of the detection circuit is equal e or very close to the voltage of the second element, at least one detection element (25, 25 ', 3) intended to be installed in or mounted on the first element, said detection element being arranged so that the current flowing through this sensing element is then a function of the state of the first element, a transformer (50) comprising the first and second windings, the monitoring system being arranged such that said transformer isolates the electrical circuit for measuring the voltage of the ground. electrical detection circuit, and means (33) for measuring the voltage across the first winding and / or the intensity in the first winding.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    The monitoring system (40) according to claim 1, wherein the sensing element comprises "n electrically insulated wire (25), intended to be installed along the first element (1).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    The monitoring system (40) of claim 2, further comprising an additional insulated wire (25 ') to be installed along the first element, mounted in parallel with the insulated wire (25) and having mechanical strength properties. different from those of the insulated wire.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    The monitoring system (40) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the detection element comprises a set of at least one sensor device, each sensor device being able to measure a level of wear of the first element.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    A monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second winding (22) is connected to said at least one sensing element (25, 25 ', 3) by a single input lead penetrating into or mounted on the first element (1), wherein each sensing element comprises an output connected or connectable to the second element.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    An assembly comprising a monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, as well as the first element, and wherein said first element comprises a current transmission band (1).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    An assembly according to claim 6 when dependent on 4, wherein the sensor device (3) is adapted to be at least partly installed in the strip, so as to occupy only a portion of the strip length, this device being arranged to detect a passage of a catenary wire (2) at least when the wear height of the band at said portion has exceeded a threshold, and this sensor device is further arranged to be able to measure at least two different wear heights.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. An assembly according to claim 7, wherein the monitoring system comprises a plurality of sensor devices (3) to be installed on the same strip, so that the strip length portions corresponding to that plurality of sensor devices. are distinct from each other, this plurality of sensor devices being connected to the same cable (4).
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    Electric drive vehicle comprising an assembly according to any one of claims 6 to 8.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. A method of monitoring the state of a first element (1) movable relative to a second element (2), and intended to rub against this second element, the second element being conductive, this method comprising receiving (101) an electrical signal from an electrical measuring circuit comprising a first winding of a transformer, and a generator for supplying an alternating current in the first winding, the transformer comprising a second winding installed in an electrical detection circuit further comprising a reference branch of the electrical potential of the detection circuit, this branch being in contact with the second element or with weakly resistive conducting means in contact with the second element, so that the ground voltage of the detection circuit is equal or very close the voltage of the second element, and at least one sensing element installed in or on the first element, this detection element being arranged so that the current flowing through this detection element is then a function of the state of the first element, estimating (102) from the signal received at least one parameter value representative of the state of the first element, and elaborate (103, 104, 105) from this at least one estimated value a control signal of the first element and / or the second element.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN107980098A|2018-05-01|
    WO2017001800A1|2017-01-05|
    FR3038270B1|2017-08-25|
    EP3317138A1|2018-05-09|
    引用文献:
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    FR3087303B1|2018-10-16|2021-02-26|Alstom Transp Tech|CONNECTED DEVICE FOR DETECTION OF THE WEAR OF THE SOLE OF A RUBBER FOR THE POWER SUPPLY OF A VEHICLE|
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    法律状态:
    2016-05-04| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-01-06| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20170106 |
    2017-06-09| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-06-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-06-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-03-12| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20210205 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1556139A|FR3038270B1|2015-06-30|2015-06-30|MONITORING THE STATE OF A FIRST MOBILE ELEMENT IN RELATION TO A SECOND ELEMENT AND CHARGING AGAINST THIS SECOND ELEMENT.|FR1556139A| FR3038270B1|2015-06-30|2015-06-30|MONITORING THE STATE OF A FIRST MOBILE ELEMENT IN RELATION TO A SECOND ELEMENT AND CHARGING AGAINST THIS SECOND ELEMENT.|
    PCT/FR2016/051662| WO2017001800A1|2015-06-30|2016-06-30|Monitoring of the state of a first element movable relative to a second element and rubbing against said second element|
    CN201680037947.7A| CN107980098A|2015-06-30|2016-06-30|To the monitoring of the state of the first element of the second element friction can be moved and is pressed against relative to the second element|
    EP16742366.4A| EP3317138A1|2015-06-30|2016-06-30|Monitoring of the state of a first element movable relative to a second element and rubbing against said second element|
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